Diwali
महात्मा गांधी
.jpeg)
महात्मा गांधी का जीवन परिचय:
जन्म: 2 अक्टूबर 1869, पोरबंदर, गुजरात
पूरा नाम: मोहनदास करमचंद गांधी
पिता: करमचंद गांधी
माता: पुतलीबाई
शिक्षा: इंग्लैंड में बैरिस्टर की पढ़ाई (लंदन)
दक्षिण अफ्रीका प्रवास: दक्षिण अफ्रीका में 1893-1915 के बीच रहे, जहां उन्होंने नस्लभेद के खिलाफ संघर्ष किया।
भारत लौटना: 1915 में भारत लौटे और भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में शामिल हुए।
गांधीजी के प्रमुख आंदोलन:
1. चंपारण सत्याग्रह (1917):
स्थान: बिहार
कारण: नील की खेती करने वाले किसानों का शोषण।
परिणाम: गांधीजी की विजय और किसानों के हक में फैसला।
2. अहमदाबाद मिल मज़दूर सत्याग्रह (1918):
गांधीजी ने मिल मजदूरों की वेतन वृद्धि के लिए संघर्ष किया।
3. खिलाफत आंदोलन (1919-1924):
मुसलमानों के खिलाफ हुए तुर्की के खलीफा को हटाए जाने के खिलाफ भारतीय मुसलमानों के समर्थन में गांधीजी ने इस आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया।
4. असहयोग आंदोलन (1920-1922):
उद्देश्य: ब्रिटिश शासन से असहयोग और स्वराज की मांग।
आंदोलन के रूप: विदेशी वस्त्रों का बहिष्कार, सरकारी नौकरियों से इस्तीफा, स्कूल और कॉलेजों का बहिष्कार।
5. दांडी यात्रा/नमक सत्याग्रह (1930):
गांधीजी ने नमक कानून का उल्लंघन करते हुए दांडी की यात्रा की, जो भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन का एक प्रमुख मोड़ था।
6. भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन (1942):
नारा: "करो या मरो"।
उद्देश्य: अंग्रेजों से तत्काल भारत छोड़ने की मांग।
इस आंदोलन के कारण गांधीजी और कई अन्य नेताओं को जेल भेजा गया।
गांधीजी के सिद्धांत:
1. अहिंसा (Non-violence): गांधीजी ने हर संघर्ष को अहिंसक रूप में लड़ने पर बल दिया।
2. सत्य (Truth): सत्य गांधीजी की विचारधारा का मुख्य तत्व था। वे मानते थे कि सत्य की जीत हमेशा होती है।
3. सत्याग्रह (Satyagraha): अन्याय के खिलाफ अहिंसक प्रतिरोध, जहां सत्य और अहिंसा के माध्यम से संघर्ष किया जाता है।
4. स्वराज (Self-rule): गांधीजी का मानना था कि भारत को अंग्रेजों से आजादी के साथ आत्मनिर्भर भी बनना चाहिए। इसके लिए उन्होंने ग्रामीण विकास और स्वदेशी को बढ़ावा दिया।
गांधीजी की मृत्यु:
30 जनवरी 1948 को नाथूराम गोडसे द्वारा गांधीजी की हत्या कर दी गई।
निष्कर्ष:
महात्मा गांधी ने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में प्रमुख भूमिका निभाई। उनकी विचार
धारा, सत्य और अहिंसा पर आधारित थी, जिसने न केवल भारत, बल्कि पूरी दुनिया को प्रभावित किया।
Class 10 Book 2 important long question answers
A Triumph of surgery
Q.1 What was Tricki's ailment? How did it worry Mrs. Pumphrey?
Ans: Mrs.Pumphrey had a dog. Its name was Tricki. Her too much love for it had spoiled it.
She used to give it a little extras between meals. She gave it to some malt.cod liver oil etc.
But she did not giveit physical exercise. As a result it had fallen ill. It stopped eating food. It vomited also. It spent it's time lying down. Mrs.Pumphrey called Mr. Herriot,veterinary doctor. He took it to his clinic and gave it the best treatment. Tricki got all right again.
Q.2 How did Mr. Herriot treat Tricki?
Ans: In spite of Mrs. Pumphrey's wailing Mr.Herriot took Tricki with him in his car to his hospital. Because Tricki was very ill and this was the only way to save him. Tricki was gasping. Tricki remained motionless on the carpet. He was not given anything to eat for two days. He was given plenty of water. On the second day he started to show some interest in his surroundings. In this way there was a gradual recovery in Tricki's health.
Q.3 Draw a character sketch of Mrs. Pumphrey?
Ans: Mrs. Pumphrey is a rich lady. She is an animal lover. She also loves her dog Tricki so much that despite the doctor's warnings, she doesn't stop giving chocolate and cream cake to the dog. She gives all kinds of comforts to Tricki. She has bought a whole wardrobe of tweed coats and raincoats for him. She is so emotionally attached to Tricki that she breaks down in tears when Tricki was going to hospital for treatment.
The Thief's Story
Q.4 Describe how Anil's friendly treatment changed thief's life?
Ans: Anil taught the thief to cook, to write his name, to add, to write complete sentences. He had also given the thief a key to the door so that the tip might come and go as it pleased him. Anil had reported his full confidence in the thief. The thief considered Anil, to the most honest person. When the thief had stolen Anil's money, he was not at rest. He came back, put the money back. Anil did not say to him anything but gave him a fifty rupee note. Thus Anil's friendly treatment and confidence changed the thief's life. That's why the thief failed to run away with Anil's money and come back to live with him.
Q.5 Draw a character sketch of Hari Singh?
Ans: Hari Singh was an experienced and fairly successful thief. He was quite cunning and shrewd. He tried to get close to Anil through flattery. He changed his name every month to escape from police and his former employers. He stole money from Anil and wanted to get away with it but Anil's kindness and his gratitude to Anil, changed his heart to completely and it transformed him from a thief into a gentleman. He wanted to earn his living by honest means now.
The Midnight Visitor
Q.6 Give an example to prove that Ausable had great presence of mind?
Ans: When Max secretly entered Ausable's room to get the secret report by force. He made a story of the existence of a balcony under the window of his room. One could enter and escape through it. Suddenly there was a knocking at the door. Ausable said that the police were searching Max. He asked Max to hide in the balcony. As Max jumped for the balcony, he fell down This example proves Ausable's presence of mind. He was agile in action even though he was a sloppy fat man.
Q.7 How did Ausable get rid of Max? (Board Model Paper, 2021-22)
Ans: Ausable, a secret agent, was to receive a very important report about some new missiles. Max, a rival agent, wanted to obtain the report from him by force. He entered Ausable's room using a pass-key. He threatened to shoot Ausable if he didn't hand over the report to him. To get rid of Max, Ausable concocted a false story about a balcony being attached to his room. Max jumped out of the window to escape the police. As there was no balcony he fell to the ground floor. Ausable thus got rid of Max.
A Question of Trust
Q.8 How did the charming young lady befool Horace Danby?
Ans: The charmingdfsd young lady was also a thief. She impersonated herself as the landlady. She told Danby falsely that she had left her jewels in the safe. She needed them for a party. She had no keys. Horace helped her with a cigarette lighter. At that time, he removed his gloves.
He opened the safe without gloves. There were finger prints on the safe. After two days he was arrested for robbery of jewels at Shotover Grange.
Q.9 What was the reason of Horace's arrest?
Ans: Horace Danby was tricked by a lady thief. She came and impersonated herself as the owner of the house. She told him that she always liked wrong type of people. Horace in order to help her took off his gloves. She wanted the jewels which were in the safe. Thinking the lady as the owner of the house Horace broke the safe and gave her the jewels. Due to his finger prints which were left on the safe, he was arrested.
Footprints Without Feet
Q.10 Draw a character sketch of Griffin.
Ans: Griffin was an eccentric scientist. He had many vices. He was revengeful and bad tempered.
He was always ready to hurt others and cause harm to them for his pleasure. He had no morals and was a lawless person. He even stole things and money on a number of occasions.
Though as a scientist, he was brilliant. But as a human being, he was unlawful. He was selfish and always wanted to take advantage of the weaker people.
Q.11 Write in your own words the incident happened with Jaffers.
Ans: Jaffers was surprised to find that he was going to arrest a man without a head. But Jaffers was not easily prevented from doing his Duty. The policeman tried to get hold of the man who was becoming more and more invisible. The man was throwing one garment after the another. Finally a shirt flew into the air. Some people tried to help Jaffers. Then the invisible man hit blows. He could not be located. Jaffers then fell unconscious.
The Making of a Scientist
Q.12 How did Richard Ebright feel and realise after loosing in County science fair?
Ans: He participated in the County science fair when he was in VII grade. He felt sad when he did not get anything while everybody was winning. His entry was slides of frog tissues which he showed under a microscope. He realised that winners had tried to real science is and realised that for next year, he would have to do a real experiment.
Q.13 What was his project about butterfly as food of birds?
Ans: The project was to test the theory that viceroy butterflies copy monarchs. The theory was that Viceroys look like monarchs because monarchs do not taste good to birds. Viceroys, on the other hand, do taste good to birds. So, the more they look like monarchs, the less likely they are to become a bird's dinner. He found that starling would not eat ordinary bird food. It would eat all the monarchs it could get. This project stood first in zoology division.
The Necklace
Q.14 How can you say that Loisel was a simple man and he loved his wife?
Ans: Loisel was a simple man and a dotting husband who loved his wife Matilda. When she said to her husband that she did not have a good dress for the party, he offered four hundred francs to her to buy a new dress for her for attending the ball. He wanted to buy a gun for himself with that money. He arranged 36,000 francs to purchase a new necklace so that she could replace the necklace of her friend.
Q.15 How did the Loisels repay for the lost necklace?
Ans: They repaid for the lost monetarily, physically and mentally. They had 18,000 francs. They borrowed the rest from the usurers and the lenders. In the necklace monetarily. physically and mentally. They repayment years Matilda lost her beauty. Loisel toiled in the evenings. At night he did the work of copying. She was turned from an elegant beauty into a hard, crude woman. They sent away the maid, changed their lodgings and rented some rooms in an attic. Matilda learned the odious work of a kitchen.
Q.16 What message do you get from the story 'The Necklace?
Ans: This story tells us how to avoid false show of richness. We should be content with what we have. We should honestly confess our faults and weaknesses. Matilda did not follow all these. She strove to show what she did not have. She suffered a lot in her life. In a way, she ruined her carefree life. If she had confessed her guilt, she and her husband would not have suffered for ten long years on account serious shortage of money.
Bholi
Q.17 Why was Ramlal worried about Bholi ?
Ans: Ramlal was worried about Bholi because she was a simpleton. When she was ten months old,she fell from a cot. She began to stammer when she spoke. She did not have good looks.
Her face was covered with pockmarks. She was not intelligent. Ramlal was worried about the future of his daughter. His worry was the marriage of Bholi. She had neither good looks nor intelligence. No one would accept her with all these weaknesses.
Q.18 What was the role of education in the life of Bholi?
Ans: Education changed the life of Bholi. Her teacher told her to speak without fear. She motivated her to study. A new ray of hope came into the life of Bholi. Through her teacher's efforts she emerged as a confident, bold, respecting person. Education imparted her strengths of mind, knowledge and understanding. She turned from a fool into an enlightened and sensible girl. She refused to marry a mean, greedy and contemptible coward. She was bold enough to face the mean society.
Q.19 What was the brave decision of Bholi in this story?
Ans: When Bishamber demanded a dowry of five thousand rupees, Bholi's father requested him and put his turban in the feet of Bishambar Nath. Bishamber Nath was greedy as well as cruel. Bholi understood at once the character of Bishamber. She thought that her future was not secure. She declared in a thundering voice not to marry such a cruel and greedy man. Her decision was right and brave. She was bold enough to face the mean society.
The Book That Saved the Earth
Q.20 Give a character sketch of Noodle.
Ans: Noodle knows more about Earthlings and their activities. He is intelligent, clever and diplomatic. He rectifies the follies of Think-Tank not directly but in a very subtle manner as not to hurt him. He is aware that Think-Tank likes flattery. Though he is the one to make the right decisions, he makes sure that his boss gets all the praise. He is good at handling tasks by himself. He pleases Think-Tank with his humble attitude.
Q.21 How did the book, 'Mother Goose' save the Earth?
Ans: Think-Tank, the ruler of the 'Mars' plans to attack the Earth and sends Probe- to the Earth to gather information about the Earthlings. They read some nursery rhymes from a book.
The book's name was 'Mother Goose'. After listening to the third rhymes Think-Tank concluded that the Earthlings Planned to capture him and Mars central controls. He panicked and dropped the idea of invading the Earth. He ordered Noodle to prepare a capsule for him, and escaped to Alpha centauri.
Q.22 Compare and contrast the character of Think-Tank and Noodle. (BSER Model Paper)
Ans: Think-Tank is an arrogant, vain and domineering ruler. He considers himself to be the mightiest, the cleverest, the most knowledgeable and enlightened person who could never commit a folly. Such persons need to be handled very cautiously. Because, if their mistakes are pointed out to them directly and openly they tend to get hurt. However, Noodle is a different kind of person. He avoids offending Think-Tank. He corrects his mistakes by offering his knowledge in a very polite way. He pinpoints his mistakes in a discreet and humble manner.
Class 10 Book 2 important short questions answers
A Triumph of Surgery
Q.1 What plan did Mr. Herriot make about Tricki's health?
Ans: Mr. Herriot planned to get Tricki out of the house for a few days. He said that Tricki must be hospitalized for about a fortnight to be kept under observation.
Q.2 How did Tricki manage his food at first?
Ans: When all the dogs finished their food, Tricki took a walk around the shining bowls. He licked inside the bowls also.
Q.3 How was the condition of Mrs. Pumphrey when Tricki was at the hospital?
Ans: Mrs. Pumphrey was very anxious and often walked in and out. She also rang a dozen times a day for the latest news of Tricki.
Q.4 What was the temptation for Mr. Herriot to keep Tricki in the hospital?
Ans: Eggs, wine, and brandy were the temptations because these were coming for Tricki but Mr. Herriot and his staff were consuming them.
Q.5 What was wrong with Tricki when the author examined him?
Ans: The author after his examination found that Tricki was very greedy for food. He did not take physical exercise.
Q.6 What message do you get from the lesson, "A Triumph of Surgery"?
Ans: This lesson teaches us to do exercise regularly and eat less so that we can maintain our health.
---
The Thief's Story
Q.7 What was Anil's reaction when the speaker cooked bad food?
Ans: Anil patted the speaker on the head and said never mind. Anil agreed to teach him how to cook food.
Q.8 What things did Anil teach the speaker?
Ans: Anil taught the speaker cooking food. He also taught him how to write his name and then a whole sentence and how to add numbers.
Q.9 What was Anil's way of earning money?
Ans: Anil earned money by fits and starts. He would borrow one week and lend the next week. He kept worrying about his cheques.
Q.10 Why was it difficult to rob Anil?
Ans: It was difficult to rob Anil because he was very careless. He didn’t even notice that he had been robbed.
Q.11 What was Hari Singh's conclusion about men in his career as a thief?
Ans: He categorized men in three ways, greedy men showed fear, the rich showed anger, and the poor showed acceptance when their money was lost.
Q.12 Where did Anil keep his money?
Ans: Anil didn’t earn much money. He usually kept his money here and there. The safe place Anil used to put the money was under the mattress.
---
The Midnight Visitor
Q.13 How is Ausable different from other secret agents?
Ans: Ausable does not look active and agile as a secret agent should be. He is very fat and his voice is not proper.
Q.14 What was the aim of Max's visit to Ausable's room?
Ans: Max opened the door of Ausable's room with a passkey. His aim was to get the important report on missiles.
Q.15 What did Max decide to do to escape the police?
Ans: Max decided to hide in the balcony under the window of Ausable's room. He would get the report when the police would go away.
Q.16 How can you say that Max and Ausable had met before?
Ans: Ausable addressed Max by his name. He was very surprised to see Max in his hotel room.
Q.17 What does the title of the story tell us about Max?
Ans: It tells us about Max as a visitor at night. He was the only person who visited there at midnight.
Q.18 What did Ausable say to Max about the knock at his door?
Ans: Ausable told Max about the knock at the door that it was the police. The police had come there for the extra protection of the report.
--
A Question of Trust
Q.19 What does Horace Danby like to collect?
Ans: Horace Danby likes to collect rare and expensive books which he loves. He secretly buys the books through an agent.
Q.20 Who is the real culprit in the story?
Ans: A young pretty lady, who is dressed in red is the real culprit in the story. She has entered Shotover Grange with the aim of stealing.
Q.21 Why did Horace Danby rob a safe every year?
Ans: Horace wanted to read books for twelve months. So he robbed one safe every year to quench his thirst of reading books.
Q.22 What was the biggest mistake made by Horace Danby?
Ans. Horace Danby removed his gloves to light the cigarette of the lady. He opened the safe without gloves. His fingerprints were there.
Q.23 How did Horace come to know about the safe of Shotover Grange?
Ans: There was an article published in a magazine. This disclosed that the safe contained jewels worth fifteen thousand pounds.
Q.24 How can you say that Horace was a successful robber?
Ans: Horace was a good robber. He always studied the place where he targeted to rob. He was successful in all his robberies.
--
Footprints Without Feet
Q.25 Why were the two boys in London surprised and fascinated?
Ans: The two boys saw the fresh muddy footprints on the steps of a house. But they couldn't see the one who was making those footprints.
Q.26 What reason did Griffin give to Mrs. Hall for coming to Iping?
Ans: He said that he wanted to live in solitude. He did not want to be disturbed in his work
Q.27 What was the result of the experiments carried out by Griffin?
Ans: Griffin discovered rare drugs that could make human body invisible. He swallowed those drugs and his body became invisible.
Q.28 How was the nature of Griffin?
Ans: Griffin's nature was lawless. He was eccentric, full of anger and revengeful. He wanted to live alone.
Q.29 What happened to Griffin in London store?
Ans: Griffin slept in London store and woke up late. He started to run in panic on seeing the store assistants. So he had to come out without clothes in the chill January air.
Q.30 Why did Griffin decided to enter into a big London store?
Ans: Griffin decided so because the weather was cold. The wind was sharp. He could not live without clothes.
--
The Making of a Scientist
Q.31 DNA is the blue print for life, how?
Ans: DNA is the substance in the nucleus of a cell.lt controls heredity. Thus it is the blue print for life.
Q.32 What book given by his mother opened the world of science to Ebright?
Ans: His mother gave him children's book named 'The Travels of Monarch X'. It opened the doors of world of science to Ebright.
Q.33 What was presented by Ebright in the science fair in grade VII?
Ans: Ebright presented slides of frog tissues which he displayed under a microscope when he was in grade VII.
Q.34 What fact did Ebright find about the starling bird?
Ans: He found that a startling bird would not eat ordinary bird food. It would eat all the monarchs it could get.
Q.35 How can you say that Ebright was a versatile man?
Ans: He was a debator and public speaker, a good canoeist and an all rounder. He was a good photographer also.
Q.36 What lesson did Ebright learn in his science fair?
Ans: He found out that the efforts would have to be made to conduct a real experiment in order to win something.
--
The Necklace
Q.37 What was the dream of Matilda?
Ans: Matilda's dream was that she should look beautiful and attractive to everyone. She wanted to be introduced at the party.
Q.38 How was the economical condition of Matilda's husband?
Ans: Matilda's husband was a poor clerk in the office of Board of Education. He was unable to buy costly dress and jewels for Matilda.
Q.39 What spoiled the pleasure of Matilda and her husband?
Ans: When Matilda and her husband came to know that the borrowed necklace was not around her neck, their pleasure was spoilt.
Q.40 Who was responsible for the sufferings of Matilda?
Ans: Matilda was herself responsible for the sufferings. She didn't disclose about the loss of the necklace.
Q.41 What was the cause of Loisels' ruin?
Ans: Loisel lost the necklace. They had to borrow eighteen thousand Francs Soo, they had to live a miserable life.
Q.42 Why had loisel saved four hundred Frances?
Ans: Loisels saved them in order to buy a gun. He wanted to join hunting parties. He wanted to go on shooting of larks.
Q.43 Why was Matilda unhappy?
Ans: Matilda was unhappy because she did not have any jewel to wear in the party. She had nothing to adorn herself with.
--
Bholi
Q.44 Why was Sulekha nicknamed Bholi?
Ans: Sulekha had fallen from a cot. Her brain was damaged. She was a backward child so she was Called Bholi.
Q.45 What was the problem with Sulekha at the age of ten months?
Ans: She fell from a cot that damaged her brain. She remained a backward child.
Q.46 What did Sulekha say to her parents after the departure of Bishamber and his big party?
Ans: Sulekha said that she would serve them in their old age. She would teach in the same school where she learnt so much.
Q.46 What was the impression of Sulekha's teacher on her personality?
Ans: Sulekha's teacher turned simple Sulekha into a bold, confident and self respecting individual who could take her own decisions.
Q.47 How did Bholi feel after her teacher had encouraged her to study?
Ans: Bholi's heart throbbed with a new hope and a new life. She felt that the village temple bells were ringing.
--
The Book That Saved the Earth
Q.48 What did books teach in twentieth century?
Ans: Books taught people how to, when to, where to and why to. They illustrated and educated them.
Q.49 Ultimately who eats the sandwich that is actually a book?
Ans: Sergeant Oops cats the sandwich ultimately. It is not delicious in taste.
Q.50 What does Noodle tell Think-Tank about books?
Ans: Noodle tells that books are not eaten by the Earthlings but used as some kind of communication devices.
Q.51 Which planet does Think-Tank and other Martians escape to? How far is it from Mars?
Ans: Think-Tank and other Martians escape to Alpha centauri. It is a hundred million miles away from the mars.
Q.52 Which book saved the Earth from Martian invasion?
Ans: One dusty, old, book of nursery rhymes entitled 'Mother Goose' saved the Earth from Martian invasion.
Q.53 What was the twentieth century often called?
Ans: The twentieth century was often called The Era of Books because in those days there were books
from anteaters to Zulus, on variety of subjects and on different periods.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)